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	<title>Comments on: South Dakota Takes Quantum Leap</title>
	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/</link>
	<description>Random samplings from a universe of ideas.</description>
	<pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2008 17:23:44 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: Ellipsis</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30084</link>
		<dc:creator>Ellipsis</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jul 2007 22:57:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30084</guid>
		<description>Oh man ... and they were long too!!

Never mind, I'll try to reconstruct them soon, when I get a chance. :\</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Oh man &#8230; and they were long too!!</p>
<p>Never mind, I&#8217;ll try to reconstruct them soon, when I get a chance. :\</p>
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		<title>By: Sean</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30083</link>
		<dc:creator>Sean</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jul 2007 22:51:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30083</guid>
		<description>I don't recall removing any of your comments; you'd have to tell me what was in them.  Over the last 24 hours we've had some server problems, and it's possible that things just got lost.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I don&#8217;t recall removing any of your comments; you&#8217;d have to tell me what was in them.  Over the last 24 hours we&#8217;ve had some server problems, and it&#8217;s possible that things just got lost.</p>
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		<title>By: Ellipsis</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30080</link>
		<dc:creator>Ellipsis</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jul 2007 22:29:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30080</guid>
		<description>Sean,

Is there a problem?

I'd like to know why my comments appear to repeatedly be getting removed.

Thank you.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sean,</p>
<p>Is there a problem?</p>
<p>I&#8217;d like to know why my comments appear to repeatedly be getting removed.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p>
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		<title>By: gbob</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30082</link>
		<dc:creator>gbob</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Jul 2007 02:04:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30082</guid>
		<description>My point being, that the US gov't is not likely to pay a few 100M$ for an overseas laboratory, except in special cases (like LHC and ITER) where the project is truly international and requires contributions from many countries.  I'm not aware of the SNO folks making such a proposal.

Moreover, the various reports from the several independent review panels convened by NSF all pointed out that there is simply not enough useable deep underground space worldwide to accommodate all of the worthwhile experiments that people want to do. That sounds like a reasonable physics justification to me, but maybe our esteemed contributors know better than the NSF panels?

And by the way, the argument that the money you would save by not doing DUSEL would somehow be better spent on Physics (what Physics, exactly, is not specified) doesn't hold water. Large project money at the NSF comes out of a special account for major research equipment, so any money not spent on DUSEL would simply go to a different project; another telescope, perhaps, or nanocenters and the like. All these things may be worthy, but they are really what DUSEL will be competing against for funds, not your grant.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My point being, that the US gov&#8217;t is not likely to pay a few 100M$ for an overseas laboratory, except in special cases (like LHC and ITER) where the project is truly international and requires contributions from many countries.  I&#8217;m not aware of the SNO folks making such a proposal.</p>
<p>Moreover, the various reports from the several independent review panels convened by NSF all pointed out that there is simply not enough useable deep underground space worldwide to accommodate all of the worthwhile experiments that people want to do. That sounds like a reasonable physics justification to me, but maybe our esteemed contributors know better than the NSF panels?</p>
<p>And by the way, the argument that the money you would save by not doing DUSEL would somehow be better spent on Physics (what Physics, exactly, is not specified) doesn&#8217;t hold water. Large project money at the NSF comes out of a special account for major research equipment, so any money not spent on DUSEL would simply go to a different project; another telescope, perhaps, or nanocenters and the like. All these things may be worthy, but they are really what DUSEL will be competing against for funds, not your grant.</p>
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		<title>By: not_easily_amused</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30078</link>
		<dc:creator>not_easily_amused</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Jul 2007 05:45:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30078</guid>
		<description>I was once emergency-evacuated from level 4000 mwe in Homestake (me and everyone else, stench alarm having gone off, the works). All the levels below were flooded due to torrential (flash) rains. Not uncommon during SD summers, but this one was particularly bad. The problem is that the site has been excavated for so long that rainwater from the surface finds innumerable pathways to rush into the galleries. We almost did not make it: when the cage finally arrived we could see the water just a few feet below our level, looking down the Yates shaft. We had plenty time to watch it rise. Miners have to be some of the most poised individuals on the face of Earth (and beneath), yet quite a few composures slipped during the long, very long wait. The cage operator (who was trying to follow the normal evacuation procedure) probably remembers to this day what he was being called through the intercom. Me, I was too busy tending to my partner, who was busy himself attempting to control an extended bout of compulsive vomiting (once in a lifetime is enough exposure to a stench alarm, let me tell you). But I remember watching the miners' panicked reactions and thinking "this is not good".

To cut a long story short, this was during a period of full mining operations. I personally do not plan to risk a similar situation when the place becomes an undermanned scientific laboratory. Ellipsis, you are pushing all the right buttons, the money should be going to the Physics, and the spirit of international collaboration should be leading us all to SNOlab. The only good news is that the laboratory is not built yet, the approval is for design work. Hopefully in the interim people will come back to their senses.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was once emergency-evacuated from level 4000 mwe in Homestake (me and everyone else, stench alarm having gone off, the works). All the levels below were flooded due to torrential (flash) rains. Not uncommon during SD summers, but this one was particularly bad. The problem is that the site has been excavated for so long that rainwater from the surface finds innumerable pathways to rush into the galleries. We almost did not make it: when the cage finally arrived we could see the water just a few feet below our level, looking down the Yates shaft. We had plenty time to watch it rise. Miners have to be some of the most poised individuals on the face of Earth (and beneath), yet quite a few composures slipped during the long, very long wait. The cage operator (who was trying to follow the normal evacuation procedure) probably remembers to this day what he was being called through the intercom. Me, I was too busy tending to my partner, who was busy himself attempting to control an extended bout of compulsive vomiting (once in a lifetime is enough exposure to a stench alarm, let me tell you). But I remember watching the miners&#8217; panicked reactions and thinking &#8220;this is not good&#8221;.</p>
<p>To cut a long story short, this was during a period of full mining operations. I personally do not plan to risk a similar situation when the place becomes an undermanned scientific laboratory. Ellipsis, you are pushing all the right buttons, the money should be going to the Physics, and the spirit of international collaboration should be leading us all to SNOlab. The only good news is that the laboratory is not built yet, the approval is for design work. Hopefully in the interim people will come back to their senses.</p>
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		<title>By: Charly</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30079</link>
		<dc:creator>Charly</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Jul 2007 15:55:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30079</guid>
		<description>I had been waiting for this announcement since last year. Our dark matter experiment benefits greatly from this result. Expect interesting results to come out of Davis' cavern once again!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I had been waiting for this announcement since last year. Our dark matter experiment benefits greatly from this result. Expect interesting results to come out of Davis&#8217; cavern once again!</p>
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		<title>By: Ellipsis</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30077</link>
		<dc:creator>Ellipsis</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jul 2007 22:37:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30077</guid>
		<description>gbob,

The LHC received 500 million dollars in U.S. funding, and is still receiving.

Perhaps you'd prefer they spent 14 billion just duplicating the LHC in the U.S.?

I would hope my record of approximately 3 million in DOE Office of Science funding (lifetime, so far) might give me just a little tiny bit of perspective, gbob...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>gbob,</p>
<p>The LHC received 500 million dollars in U.S. funding, and is still receiving.</p>
<p>Perhaps you&#8217;d prefer they spent 14 billion just duplicating the LHC in the U.S.?</p>
<p>I would hope my record of approximately 3 million in DOE Office of Science funding (lifetime, so far) might give me just a little tiny bit of perspective, gbob&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: gbob</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30081</link>
		<dc:creator>gbob</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jul 2007 21:54:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30081</guid>
		<description>Anyone who thinks NSF (or any non-Canadian funding agency, for that matter)is going to throw a lot of money at a mine in Canada has little grasp of how science funding works.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Anyone who thinks NSF (or any non-Canadian funding agency, for that matter)is going to throw a lot of money at a mine in Canada has little grasp of how science funding works.</p>
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		<title>By: Jon H</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30070</link>
		<dc:creator>Jon H</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jul 2007 04:14:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30070</guid>
		<description>On that diagram, where do the Kansan evolution teachers go?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On that diagram, where do the Kansan evolution teachers go?</p>
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		<title>By: Ellipsis</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30071</link>
		<dc:creator>Ellipsis</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jul 2007 04:09:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/07/11/south-dakota-takes-quantum-leap/#comment-30071</guid>
		<description>Carl: true, nor does it properly have the claim to deepest, as least when it comes to scientific purposes.  The deepest shafts are indeed at about 8100 ft, 7500 mwe, however Davis, and everyone since, have found those deep shafts unsuitable for experiment location (they are extremely damp, presently cavernless, and literally chock full of background sources of radiation), which is why he located his Homestake experiment in the cavern at 4000 mwe.

On the other hand, SNOLAB's clean and fully experiment-ready lab facilities (with many U.S. collaborators on SNO) are at 6020 mwe, the deepest in the world (with the exception of the Kolar mine in India, which certainly could not be considered experiment-ready at this time).

It is true that a future gigantic water-Cherenkov type experiment, e.g. UNO, really would not fit at SNOLAB, as caverns of megaton experiment size would not be supported by the rock there.  But essentially all _present and upcoming decade_ dark matter direct dectection and 0-nu bb decay experiments are at the 100 kg (and soon to be 1 ton) scale -- that's the equivalent of 1 cubic meter of water -- a trivial fit for SNOLAB.

And a project like UNO is clearly _not_ for the very near future.  For one thing, even UNO would not be nearly large enough to detect actual standard model levels of proton decay -- that would literally require a detector 4 orders of magnitude larger than even UNO!  And topics such as theta13 and the CP phase delta are much better served by dedicated facilities like NOvA, T2K(K), Daya Bay, and Double Chooz than some behemoth blunderbuss money pit like UNO (+ new neutrino beamline).  UNO is a project without a clear goal, just like this whole U.S. DUSEL issue.  And I am speaking as one who is _all for_ deep underground science.  NSF just has its priorities completely backwards here: it needs to focus on specific scientific measurements, and build _solely_ the necessary facilities to achieve its specific scientific goals.  What's needed now is more money for experiments like EXO, SuperCDMS, Zeplin/Xenon (which, btw, are really the same experiment and need to merge, despite the personality conflicts involved), DEAP, Majorana, etc. -- NOT just tossing money down a new pit when presently there are _plenty_ of good ones around already.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Carl: true, nor does it properly have the claim to deepest, as least when it comes to scientific purposes.  The deepest shafts are indeed at about 8100 ft, 7500 mwe, however Davis, and everyone since, have found those deep shafts unsuitable for experiment location (they are extremely damp, presently cavernless, and literally chock full of background sources of radiation), which is why he located his Homestake experiment in the cavern at 4000 mwe.</p>
<p>On the other hand, SNOLAB&#8217;s clean and fully experiment-ready lab facilities (with many U.S. collaborators on SNO) are at 6020 mwe, the deepest in the world (with the exception of the Kolar mine in India, which certainly could not be considered experiment-ready at this time).</p>
<p>It is true that a future gigantic water-Cherenkov type experiment, e.g. UNO, really would not fit at SNOLAB, as caverns of megaton experiment size would not be supported by the rock there.  But essentially all _present and upcoming decade_ dark matter direct dectection and 0-nu bb decay experiments are at the 100 kg (and soon to be 1 ton) scale &#8212; that&#8217;s the equivalent of 1 cubic meter of water &#8212; a trivial fit for SNOLAB.</p>
<p>And a project like UNO is clearly _not_ for the very near future.  For one thing, even UNO would not be nearly large enough to detect actual standard model levels of proton decay &#8212; that would literally require a detector 4 orders of magnitude larger than even UNO!  And topics such as theta13 and the CP phase delta are much better served by dedicated facilities like NOvA, T2K(K), Daya Bay, and Double Chooz than some behemoth blunderbuss money pit like UNO (+ new neutrino beamline).  UNO is a project without a clear goal, just like this whole U.S. DUSEL issue.  And I am speaking as one who is _all for_ deep underground science.  NSF just has its priorities completely backwards here: it needs to focus on specific scientific measurements, and build _solely_ the necessary facilities to achieve its specific scientific goals.  What&#8217;s needed now is more money for experiments like EXO, SuperCDMS, Zeplin/Xenon (which, btw, are really the same experiment and need to merge, despite the personality conflicts involved), DEAP, Majorana, etc. &#8212; NOT just tossing money down a new pit when presently there are _plenty_ of good ones around already.</p>
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