Well, the result is in for The Greatest Physics Paper!
The vote counts, at close of play (9:00pm PST, 16th January), are:
25 votes: I. Newton, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. 1687. (This counted as a paper.) Link here for the votes.
18 votes: P. A. M. Dirac, The quantum theory of the electron, Proc. R. Soc. London A 117 610-612 (1928); The quantum theory of the electron Part II Proc. R. Soc. London A 118 351-361 (1928). (These two papers counted as one.) Link here for the votes.
14 votes: E. Noether, “Invariante Variationsprobleme,” Nachr. v. d. Ges. d. Wiss. zu Göttingen 1918, pp235-257. Link here for the votes.
11 votes: A. Einstein, Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitaetstheorie, Annalen der Physik 49 (1916), 769-822. Link here for the votes.
7 votes: A. Einstein, B. Podolsky and N. Rosen, Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? Phys Rev 47, 777 (1935). Link here for the votes.
So Newton does it again!
But we all know that it’s not really the “winner” that’s the most interesting thing. Have a look at the links to the voting threads, and to the original nominations thread for some very interesting and informative comments from several readers. You see, this high quality discussion is what counted here: Not what I think is the greatest physics paper (a meaningless -or at least unquantifiable- concept anyway) but your opinions and thoughts about what makes a great paper, what the great papers are, and why you chose your candidates…..
Thanks to all for contributing, and let’s all promise that very soon we’ll each go out and read at least one classic paper in the original.
-cvj
A just result, and perfect thread?
I have to admit to only reading two papers, so the others will have to be investigated.
Paul Valletta: - Thanks! -cvj
Indeed, over the holidays I purchased a copy of ‘The Origin of Species’ by Charles Darwin. It is supposed to be a replica of the original and I am anxious to plow through it!
Lee Smolin:
I think it would have been nicer for people to expand on why they choose instead of following like sheep? Sore looser here.
All and all, a good learning exercise. Thanks Clifford
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Does reading S. Chandrasekhar’s “Newton’s Principia for the common reader” count as reading the original?
Lee,
You still have the opportunity write the greatest physics paper ever. None of the top 5 can.
Elliot
Thread for a rainy day…It would be fun to hear people’s choices for the most entertaining physics paper. Stuff like Einstein’s explanation of river meanders or Newton’s paper on optics where he writes in a narrative style that gives you the impression that he held up a prism last Sunday and the whole theory poured forth before sundown.
By “the original,” are you hoping we read the Principia in Latin? I don’t think that even my German is up to the Einstein and Noether papers.
Hi Sean,
By “original”, I mean not the reports and digests of a piece of material that we get in a textbook. No matter how fine the textbook on a subject, it is often very illuminating to read (perhaps in translation, for the kids who don’t read Latin and German any more (sigh)
) the way it was originally presented, getting a feel for the context of the time it was written, etc. It makes it feel fresher sometimes, and it can even be more undertandable….. It is also illuminating with regards the process of research… see my earlier post about Einstein’s series of papers trying to get GR right…..
See also excellent books that help you do the above and see the context, etc, like those of Abraham Pais on Einstein, another on Bohr, and another on particle physics…..and others (like Moore’s “Schrodinger”) These are some of the best aspects of my physics education when I was an undergraduate…. all done outside the lecture theatre.
-cvj
Call For Blog Posts
A request for comments from the rest of the ScienceBlogs community: What’s the greatest experiment, observation, or paper in your field of science?
Congratulations to Isaac Newton. He has not only made the greatest breakthrough, but he was also the smartest guy. I wonder whether it was politically correct to choose Newton, given the fact that his brain was also the most male brain among all.
Did you ever wonder whether Newton, if revived from his DNA, would be able to help us with string theory? Would he like it? I think that he would be thrilled by the modern developments.
Fiction
I see why not Lubos. Plato is trying
Of course “bits and pieces” of Plato are all over the place, so to say, from any beginning about those “eides,” what credibility comes from Plato?
Scratch…scratch…
If they want introduction to new models, why use me as illustration, as to a sun shining behind and shadows?
Are we all prisoners with chains that bind?:) That some will see these other eides, better as they move to the opening of the cave/perspective of fire?
Like Newton, Dirac, Einstein, Noether and EPR?
while this is an impressive list, i am quite surprised and somewhat dissapointed that it omitted maxwell
Well David, you should have made a case for him and rallied for support. As I tried to encourage people to do……. It was all open to be shaped by the readers….Faraday also never saw the light of day, which I thought was weird…..
Cheers,
-cvj
Newton cloned from his DNA, and with the same development cues that he had in his mother’s womb would probably be close to the original, otherwise not.
Did you ever wonder whether Newton, if revived from his DNA, would be able to help us with string theory? Would he like it? I think that he would be thrilled by the modern developments.
He was really into alchemy, after all…
(Oh, come on, I couldn’t just leave that sitting there. I mean, the fish were right there in the barrel, and the gun was so tempting…)
I think Newton is highly overrated. If he didnt do it, someone else would have done it. Someone else did the calculus better, someone else did the optics and as well the [some of the] dynamics although he tended not to develop his ideas to full fruition. Robert Hooke, I speak of. Newton was very vain and ultrasensitive.
If Hooke was already so close I do not think Newton’s acheivement more remarkable than that he did so first. It is so far in the past that most people do not notice but much of the hard work required in the paradigm shifts had already been undertaken by Galilieo (mathematics into Natural philosophy, exprimentation) , Descartes (his coordinate system), Huygens (suceeded Galileo +descartes predynamics), Pascal, Cavalieri and Fermat (furtherers of forerunner calculus). I could go on.
On the key connection of same laws governing all bodies, I am most certain that someone else was on such a track. Already Hooke had considered that gravity could be measured with a pendulum and that there existed an inverse square law of gravitational attraction within the celestial bodies (motivated by studies of centripetal motions). Had he chosen or been able (had a tendancy to jump from idea to idea) he might have preceded Newton. He conjectured (probably without the benefit of Kepler’s work) that the earth’s orbit might be elliptical and not circular. I only mention Hooke since it is only he I kow, but I am sure that if history is to serve as a reference on the emergance of new ideas, that there were others working on the same track as Newton.
X^2 said:
Sure…maybe…… but the bottom line is that he did do it. So he deserves a lot of credit. There are always several other people working on similar things at the time of the vast majority of breakthroughs…..then history tends to forget about the also-rans and takes the person who was “first past the post” and makes them into a super-visionary giant who saw way further than everybody else. I think that is often true. Newton might deserve a bit more credit than just being a “first past the post” -er because he was first (or first-ish) past the post on so many different topics and techniques all at once…. That was pretty special.
But either way…. it was he who wrote the Principia, and so that is what we were giving credit for. If it were Hooke who wrote it, then….
Cheers,
-cvj
I completely agree, we are giving so much credit to all of those old timers.
Anna
Einstein and Newton had some form of autism
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2988647.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3380569.stm
This condition is believed to be a consequence of an extreme male brain.
http://www.google.com/search?q=%22extreme+mail+brain%22
Newton was exceptional and if he did not make his discoveries, 5 other people would had to collectively make the same discoveries 50 years later or more, if at all. You won’t find a second person who would be as irreplacable as Isaac Newton - or you won’t find too many of them.
Chad Orzel’s dismissive comment about Newton’s alchemy is completely absurd. Newton’s alchemy was the best chemistry that was available in his era, and whoever humiliates this portion of Newton’s interests is equally ignorant as someone who does not understand why we study string theory today.
Lubos,
Newton most certainly should have been aware of Boyle’s work in chemistry which was pretty far from Alchemy.
Regards,
Elliot
The thing that bothers me about Newton is his nastiness toward Leibniz, who probably did develop calculus first (with a vastly superior notation), and who was completely right on the matter of the existence of a global stationary reference frame. To my understanding, Newton simply smeared Leibniz until he got his way, due to his reputation.
Now, most of my complaint is that Leibniz gets too little credit, rather than NEwton getting too much, but the one is related to the other.
Newton handpicked the committee to “determine” who the actual inventor was. Of course he won. Reminiscent of contemporary GOP politics.
Elliot
Lubos,
I find it strange that Dirac isn’t mentioned in these articles about Autism.
See here an interview of Dirac in the Wisconsin State Journal
Extreme male brain is, of course, just one theory of autism, and considering how difficult it is to find cross-culturally consistent psychological differences between men and women … it seems to me that mirror neuron dysfunction is a much more likely cause of autism.
(and now, back to the regularly scheduled program)
Count Iblis:- That was a longer quote in comment than we would normallly prefer, but I enjoy Dirac stories so much, I left it in…thanks!
-cvj
Clifford,
Yes, I was thinking that this quote could be a bit too long, but it was so funny that I couldn’t resist posting the entire interview.
Great Experiments: Top Eleven
The compiled nominations for the Greatest Physics Experiment (or observation), spanning four centuries and quite a few famous experiments.
[...] Sir Isaac Newton may have written the greatest physics work of all time, but he shouldn’t rest easy — he has heavy competition for being the greatest experimenter. Chad Orzel at Uncertain Principles aims to find out. He’s assembled an impressive list of nominees for the greatest physics experiment ever (and is drumming up interest in the greatest in other fields). Contenders include such household names as Galileo, Roemer, Faraday, Cavendish, Michelson and Morley, Hertz, Rutherford, Hubble, Mossbauer, and Aspect, not to mention Newton himself. Greedy bastard. Be sure to go vote. [...]